| 1907 | Eduard Buchner | 1860-1917 | biochemistry | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" |
| 1929 | Hans von Euler-Chelpin | 1873-1964 | biochemistry | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" |
| 1929 | Arthur Harden | 1865-1940 | biochemistry | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" |
| 1946 | Wendell M. Stanley | 1904-1971 | biochemistry | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" |
| 1946 | John H. Northrop | 1891-1987 | biochemistry | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" |
| 1946 | James B. Sumner | 1887-1955 | biochemistry | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" |
| 1948 | Arne Tiselius | 1902-1971 | analytical biochemistry, physical chemistry | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" |
| 1955 | Vincent du Vigneaud | 1901-1978 | biochemistry | "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" |
| 1957 | Lord Todd | 1907-1997 | biochemistry | "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" |
| 1958 | Frederick Sanger | 1918-2013 | biochemistry | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" |
| 1961 | Melvin Calvin | 1911-1997 | biochemistry | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" |
| 1962 | John C. Kendrew | 1917-1997 | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
| 1962 | Max F. Perutz | 1914-2002 | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
| 1964 | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | 1910-1994 | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" |
| 1970 | Luis Leloir | 1906-1987 | biochemistry | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" |
| 1972 | William H. Stein | 1911-1980 | analytical biochemistry, biochemistry | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" |
| 1972 | Stanford Moore | 1913-1982 | analytical biochemistry, biochemistry | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" |
| 1972 | Christian Anfinsen | 1916-1995 | analytical biochemistry, biochemistry | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" |
| 1978 | Peter Mitchell | 1920-1992 | biochemistry | "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" |
| 1980 | Frederick Sanger | 1918-2013 | biochemistry | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" |
| 1980 | Walter Gilbert | 1932- | biochemistry | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" |
| 1980 | Paul Berg | 1926- | biochemistry | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" |
| 1982 | Aaron Klug | 1926- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" |
| 1984 | Bruce Merrifield | 1921-2006 | biochemistry | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" |
| 1988 | Hartmut Michel | 1948- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" |
| 1988 | Robert Huber | 1937- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" |
| 1988 | Johann Deisenhofer | 1943- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" |
| 1989 | Thomas R. Cech | 1947- | biochemistry | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
| 1989 | Sidney Altman | 1939- | biochemistry | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
| 1993 | Michael Smith | 1932-2000 | biochemistry | "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" |
| 1993 | Kary B. Mullis | 1944- | biochemistry | "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" |
| 1997 | Jens C. Skou | 1918- | biochemistry | "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" |
| 1997 | John E. Walker | 1941- | biochemistry | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" |
| 1997 | Paul D. Boyer | 1918- | biochemistry | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" |
| 2003 | Roderick MacKinnon | 1956- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" |
| 2003 | Peter Agre | 1949- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for the discovery of water channels" |
| 2004 | Irwin Rose | 1926-2015 | biochemistry | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
| 2004 | Avram Hershko | 1937- | biochemistry | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
| 2004 | Aaron Ciechanover | 1947- | biochemistry | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
| 2006 | Roger D. Kornberg | 1947- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" |
| 2008 | Roger Y. Tsien | 1952-2016 | biochemistry | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" |
| 2008 | Martin Chalfie | 1947- | biochemistry | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" |
| 2008 | Osamu Shimomura | 1928- | biochemistry | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" |
| 2009 | Ada E. Yonath | 1939- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" |
| 2009 | Thomas A. Steitz | 1940- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" |
| 2009 | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | 1952- | biochemistry, structural chemistry | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" |
| 2012 | Brian Kobilka | 1955- | biochemistry | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" |
| 2012 | Robert J. Lefkowitz | 1943- | biochemistry | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" |
| 2013 | Arieh Warshel | 1940- | biochemistry, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" |
| 2013 | Michael Levitt | 1947- | biochemistry, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" |
| 2013 | Martin Karplus | 1930- | biochemistry, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems" |