| Name | Nationality | Dates | Distinctions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Boyle | Anglo-Irish | 1627 - 1691 | |
| Leonhard Euler | Swiss | 1707 - 1783 | |
| James Watt | Scottish | 1736 - 1819 | |
| Jacques Alexandre César Charles | French | 1746 - 1823 | |
| Pierre-Simon Laplace | French | 1748 - 1827 | |
| Adrien-Marie Legendre | French | 1752 - 1733 | |
| John Dalton | English | 1766 - 1844 | |
| Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier | French | 1768 - 1830 | |
| William Henry | English | 1774 - 1836 | |
| Amadeo Avogadro | Italian | 1776 - 1856 | |
| Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac | French | 1778 - 1850 | |
| Pierre Louis Dulong | French | 1785 - 1838 | |
| Alexis Thérèse Petit | French | 1791 - 1820 | |
| Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot | French | 1796 - 1832 | |
| Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron | French | 1799 - 1864 | |
| Germain Henri Hess | Swiss-Russian | 1802 - 1850 | |
| James Prescott Joule | English | 1818 - 1889 | |
| Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz | German | 1821 - 1894 | |
| Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius | German | 1822 - 1888 | |
| William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) | Irish | 1824 - 1907 | |
| François Marie Raoult | French | 1830 - 1901 | |
| James Clerk Maxwell | Scottish | 1831 - 1879 | |
| Johannes Diderik van der Waals | Dutch | 1837 - 1923 | State equation, forces |
| Josiah Willard Gibbs | American | 1839 - 1903 | |
| Ludwig Edward Boltzmann | Austrian | 1844 - 1906 | |
| Henry Louis Le Chatelier | French | 1850 - 1936 | |
| Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | Dutch | 1852 - 1911 | Chemistry Nobel 1901 |
| Wilhelm Ostwald | German | 1853 - 1932 | Chemistry Nobel 1909 |
| Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck | German | 1858 - 1947 | Physics Nobel 1918 |
| Svante August Arrhenius | Swedish | 1859 - 1927 | Chemistry Nobel 1903 |
| Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem | French | 1861 - 1916 | |
| Frederick Thomas Trouton | Irish | 1863 - 1922 | |
| Walther Hermann Nernst | German | 1864 - 1941 | Chemistry Nobel 1920 |
| Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή | Greek | 1873 - 1950 | |
| Paul Ehrenfest | Austrian | 1880 - 1933 | physicist, phase transitions |
| Peter Joseph William Debye | Dutch | 1884 - 1966 | Chemistry Nobel 1936 |
| Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel | German | 1896 - 1980 |